Blast furnaces are fed with controlled mixture of ironore, coke and limestone, and operated at a temperature of about 1,500c. Blastfurnace slag is defined by the american society for testing and materials as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and the resulting molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 15000c to 16000c. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Blast furnace slag is recovered by melting separation from blast furnaces that produce molten pig iron. It must have appreciable affinity for the gangue constituents to facilitate the. General information about nsa at the turn of the twentieth century. Properties and uses of iron and steel slags national slag. Hiraskar and chetan patil abstractthe iron industries produce a huge quantity of blast furnace slag as byproduct, which is a nonbiodegradable waste material from that only a small percentage of it is used by cement industries to manufacture cement. The effect of foamy slag in electric arc furnaces on electric. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and the resulting molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 1500oc to 1600oc. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate in. Lewis, chief engineer aci convention, march 8, 1984 iron blast furnace slag in the process of extracting iron from ores, a blast furnace is charged with the ores, flux stones and coke. Indot permits the use of air cooled blast furnace slag acbfs.
Blastfurnace slag article about blastfurnace slag by the. The effect of foamy slag in electric arc furnaces on electric energy consumption abstract in electric arc furnace steelmaking units, the essential parameters that considered important are reducing price, increasing production and decreasing environmental pollution. After solidi fication, cooling may be accelerated by applications. This waste in form of slag, cause a great impact on environment and humans. Confirm that steel furnace slag is a premium aggregate. Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate. Use of blastfurnace slags as sand and gravel for the construction of road beds, basic filler in asphaltconcrete mixtures for the construction of road and airport coatings, unroasted cement binder for reinforcing roadways and preparing slowsetting concrete. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Soil stabilisation using ground granulated blast furnace slag. Pyrometallurgy, blast furnace, slag viscosity, slag liquidus temperature, phase equilibria abstract the viscosity of molten slag in blast furnace operations is an important process variable, influencing the rate and location of reactions inside the furnace, as well as the ease with which the final slag could be removed from the.
Comparing properties of concrete containing electric arc furnace. Granulated shaped blast furnace slag is most suitable for increasing the strength of the soil and for this we check the following property of soil. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag gcp applied technologies. P typical aircooled blast furnace slag chemistry is as. Blast furnace slag as a by product background the status of blast furnace slag bfs has been disputed with industry for a number of years. Concrete qualities with four different ggbs contents expressed as percentage of the mass of portland cement, in. Use of steel slag aggregate in pavements report november 2015.
Use of steel slag in construction of flexible pavement. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blastfurnace slag. It is also used as a component of other building and construction materials. This order applies to blast furnace slag and blast furnace slag blended with other materials blended blast furnace slag.
Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4. The latent hydraulic property of the blastfurnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. The blast furnace slag should be a freeflowing one at the operating temperatures to ensure efficient slagmetal separation. The paper presents the results of experimental research that dealt with the substitution of fi nely ground blast furnace slag for portland cement in the course of simple concrete manufacturing. Therefore, blast furnace slag is a lime based material and has a basic ph. Slag portland cement, which may be a true portland cement. Blastfurnace slag is defined by the american society for testing and materials as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and alumino silicates. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a by product from the blastfurnaces used to make iron. The width of the fields is a measurement of the output factor. Blast furnace slag is a coproduct of the iron making process.
Documents in econstor may be saved and copied for your. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news. Furthermore, the part of cement of class cem i 42,5 r was substituted by slag. Use of steel slag aggregate in pavements report november. Ggbs means the ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of the manufacturing of pig iron.
The high iron oxide content of the aggregate results in an aggregate that is very hard and very dense ssa is 2030% heavier than naturally occurring aggregates such as basalt and granite. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. Steel slag stands up to traffic without loss of friction or degradation. Various types of slag from copper and steel industry are being used in mortar and concrete pundhir et al. The slag furnace is a block added by factorization.
Blast furnace slag means waste formed when iron ore, a mixture of oxides of iron, silica and aluminia, a fuel consisting of coke, natural gas, oxygen and pulverised coal and limestone are fed into a. Aggregates are used for all types of base and subbase construction. Granulated blast furnace slag gbfs from primary steel making processes and fly ash fa. Blast furnace slag concrete can be reliably pumped when the slag is supplied to the readymix production in a saturated condition. Effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial. The sca is proud to promote the use of slag cement to ready mix producers and industry professionals who understand the durable and sustainable benefits of. Portland blastfurnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. The majority of components in granulated blast furnace slag are various glassy metallic silicates iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and titanium silicates, including. G the ggbs complies with all the specifications required by en 151761 2006, and was added separately in the mixer.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in combination with water and aggregates to form concrete. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. Blastfurnace slag is used in makingfour classes of cement puzzolan, or ordinary slag cement, usually simply called slag cement. This action exposes fresh sites for further reaction and is supposedly responsible for enhanced slagmetal reaction rates, influencing the blast furnace operations and the quality of the metal. Iron and steel slag mineral resources program usgs. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. It is a nonmetallic product, consisting of silicates and aluminosilicates of. Safety data sheet ground granulated blast furnace slag. Nonportland cement activation of blast furnace slag. The report discusses acbfs aggregate production and properties, and the properties of concrete produced with acbfs coarse aggregate.
Granulated blast furnace slag is used as a component in portland cement manufacture. Vaclavik, et al use of blast furnace slag fraction 816 mm was 40. Today, blast furnace slag is a saleable product granulated slag sand used as co 2 friendly substitute of clinker in cement production rather than a difficult and costly waste material. The use of granulated blastfurnace slag gbfs as an aggregate in cement mortar and concrete provides environmental as well as economic. Cementitious applications of ground iron blast furnace slag by donald w. It works similarly to the vanilla furnace, but has an extra output slot. The rapid cooling of molten slag by large quantities of water produces sandlike granule aggregate. Asms then further process the blast furnace slag into useful products for the construction industry such as concrete aggregates and road base products. Grading expanded blast furnace slag is crushed and screened to desired product sizing. Blast furnace slag usage and guidance for indiana purdue epubs. Included in these data are a dozen facilities that grind and sell ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs based on imported unground feed. It is removed from the blast furnace and allowed to cool. Blast furnace slag granulation ironmaking our activities.
The primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. Periodically both are tapped from the furnace, with the slag being solidified and recycled for use in a variety of markets. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing econstor. The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing industry. Use of the cementatious properties of ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag was reported as early as 1774. Blast furnace slag is nonreactive in a high alkali environment, such as concrete and soils. Blending in steel slag allows use of marginal materials.
Continue flushing until advised to stop by a poisons information centre, a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes. Steel furnace slag in hot mix asphalt purdue university. Waste derived fill blast furnace slag specification 2015. This order applies to blast furnace slag and blast furnace slag blended with. Using slag cement in concrete can greatly decrease the amount of portland cement typically used for a specific mixture of concrete. For most ores, it will produce an ingot with a low 20% chance of making two instead of one, and also some stone. Granulated blast furnace slag are described by characteristics such as category of alpha coefficient. Granulated blast furnace slag 90% 65996692 gypsum caso 4 2h 2 0 25% 10101414 section 4. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as. Electric arc furnaces are the largest users of electric energy in industry. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. Ggbs are added from 0% to 25% by dry weight of soil, first of all check the all soil property at 0 % no ggbs and then compare after addition of ggbs from 5% to 25%. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag.
The ground granulated blast furnace slag used was slagg bremen, imported from holcim deutschland a. This paper describes the use of ggbs ground granulated blast furnace slag and its feasibility in use of it as a partial replacement to sand or fine aggregate. Apr 28, 2016 use of blastfurnace slags as sand and gravel for the construction of road beds, basic filler in asphaltconcrete mixtures for the construction of road and airport coatings, unroasted cement binder for reinforcing roadways and preparing slowsetting concrete. Acceptance is judged on the basis of time of set, false set, fineness, soundness, air content of the mortar, chemical analysis, and compressive strength. It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as slag, is a glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs shall comply with specification 3102 and aashto m 302. Typically this is a blend of coarse and fine aggregate particles. Based on this concept, several trials were conducted at blast furnace slag granulation. It consists of nonmetallic minerals, which are tapped off from the blast furnace while molten. This action exposes fresh sites for further reaction and is supposedly responsible for enhanced slag metal reaction rates, influencing the blast furnace operations and the quality of the metal. Slag cement is commonly found in readymixed concrete, precast concrete, masonry, soil cement and high temperature resistant building products. Blast furnace slag bfs which is defined as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and alumina silicates of calcium and other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace by astm c 12516 2016 has been widely used in construction industry for more than 80 years. Granulated blast furnace slag bim object definition from nbs.
By processing blast furnace slag into slag cement or slag aggregate, the material is diverted from landfills. Grinding reduces the particle size to cement fineness. Due to light color of blast furnace slag, color of slag concrete is lighter in comparison with conventional concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag used in concrete. Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. Nov 24, 2014 free power how to convert an old washing machine into a water powered generator duration. Ladle containing molten blast furnace slag being dumped into a cooling pit at the ford. Hiraskar and chetan patil abstractthe iron industries produce a huge quantity of blast furnace slag as byproduct, which is a nonbiodegradable waste material from that only a small percentage of it is used by. Free power how to convert an old washing machine into a water powered generator duration.
Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate 95 slags can be increased by optimizing granulation parameters such as water temperature and flow rate to produce slag sand similar to river sand. The coordinates of the grinding table diameter and number of rollers can be read off from the table. Portland blast furnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. With increase in silica activity in the range of 0. Dicalcium silicate ca 2 sio 4 14284232, merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8 8644, and gehlenite ca 2 al 2 sio 7 2563. Such a slag acquires liquid mobility and trickles down the furnace away from the site where it starts distorting plastically, as soon as possible. The process in the pelletizing process, a molten blast furnace slag stream is directed onto an. Moreover, deep bluegreen color shown by interior part of slag concrete and can be noticed from slag concrete broken parts, for example, after compressive strength test. Iron cement or eisen cement, which is a mixture of slag and ordinary portland cement. Cdic can now conduct more than 100 mechanical tests, out of which, 55 tests come under the nabl accreditation. Viscosity decreases with basicity for high alumina blast furnace slags with increase in basicity and caf 2. Blended cements shall comply with specification 3103 and aashto m 240.
The xcoordinate indicates which product throughputs can be generated using the respective mills. In 2006, bfs was put forward for consideration by the waste protocols project which aimed to establish the point at which bfs ceased to be waste. This report presents available information regarding the use of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. Blast furnace slag material description user guidelines. Steel slag aggregate ssa is a byproduct of the production of steel in an electric arc furnace. While there are many applications and benefits of slag cement, a few are highlighted below and detailed information sheets are located here. The latent hydraulic property of the blast furnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. Generally the products produced from this type of slag are known as air. The iron and steel slag that is generated as a byproduct of iron and steel manufacturing processes can be broadly categorized into blast furnace slag and steel making slag. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction. Blast furnace slag is produced from the melting of iron ore and limestone or dolomite. Blast furnace control using slag viscosities and liquidus. Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c.
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